Demographic developments in western Europe facilitated this “colonization.” The settlers—certain of non-public freedom, mounted rents, and several measure of self-administration and functioning beneath the so-identified as German Regulation—Launched new villages and cities or reorganized old ones. Cities obtained official charters (Wrocław in 1242, Poznań in 1253, Kraków in 1257) that https://polawede.tumblr.com/